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2.
Dynamis (Granada) ; 42(2): 371-396, 2022. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-223252

RESUMO

En conjunto, la molecularización y la genetización de la biomedicina del siglo XX construyeron un enorme listado de enfermedades, la mayoría raras, con unas necesidades asistenciales muy específicas, una gran dependencia del laboratorio e importantes dificulta-des para la creación de expertos. Estos fenómenos indujeron grandes cambios en las redes asistenciales y en los itinerarios diagnósticos. Uno de los más significativos fue la aparición de centros de referencia en los que concentrar los recursos humanos y materiales para enferme-dades tan poco prevalentes. A partir del estudio del Instituto de Bioquímica Clínica “Fundación Juan March” de Barcelona, este artículo aborda la aparición de estos nuevos espacios en la España del Tardofranquismo. Farmacéuticos, pediatras, políticos y gestores sanitarios, con sus diferentes intereses, aparecen como actores involucrados en la forja de un instituto que en pocos años se erigió como centro de referencia nacional para enfermedades de depósito lisosomal. El trabajo revela la importancia que tuvo la sensibilidad social sobre la discapacidad intelectual como motor (y excusa) de la iniciativa, el papel de las fundaciones filantrópicas y la influencia de la ciencia norteamericana en todo el proceso, en circulación a través de los viajes de los científicos españoles al extranjero (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , História do Século XX , Biologia Molecular/história , Doenças Raras/história , Serviços de Informação/história , Citogenética/história , Academias e Institutos/história , Bioquímica/história , Espanha
3.
Neuroscientist ; 25(2): 104-112, 2019 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29338560

RESUMO

This article presents the process of relocation of hegemonies and "center-periphery" dynamics in neuroanatomy after World War II through the study of the links between the Spanish anatomical school of José Escolar García and some German institutions. We have analyzed their works on the morphology of the neuroendocrine system as a case study, showing how the first contacts of the Spaniards with the United States started a material transfer process between centers on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean through the mediation-and adaptation-of the periphery. The case also shows how scientific networks in the "new" Europe were reestablished after the Nazi era and how important these systems were for the transfer of knowledge, using them for the circulation of experts, instruments, and even biological samples.


Assuntos
Encéfalo/anatomia & histologia , Disseminação de Informação , Neuroanatomia/história , Sistemas Neurossecretores/anatomia & histologia , Ontologias Biológicas , Alemanha , História do Século XX , Humanos , Neuroanatomia/instrumentação , Filogenia , Espanha , Estados Unidos
4.
Dynamis ; 35(1): 153-75, 8-9, 2015.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26012340

RESUMO

In this paper, we analyse the contribution of the anatomical school of José Escolar (1913-1998) to embryology during the first two decades of the Francoist dictatorship. Special attention is paid to the process by which the Spanish group, with the support of the new Superior National Research Council, made contact with the German morphology being developed by Hugo Spatz (1888-1979) at the Max Planck-Institut für Hirnforschung. Our study reveals the numerous influences that finally led to the anatomy and embryology of Escolar. In Spain, we found a direct influence of the Gegenbaurian morphology of Gumersindo Sánchez Guisande (1894-1976) and the neuroanatomy of Juan José Barcia Goyanes (1901-2003), full of references to studies by Braus. International contacts of the "Escolarian group", first with North America and then with Germany, created a homogeneous group with a single anatomy (functional and ontophylogenetic) but with so many research interests that subspecialisations had to be developed. An important embryological work resulted from an intense relationship with the German anatomical community during the 1950s. Escolar worked in this field on the development of the amygdala and allocortex, Fernando Reinoso studied the embryology of the diencephalon and Smith Victor Agreda, along with the German scientist Rudolf Diepen, made some important discoveries on the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary system.


Assuntos
Embriologia/história , Anatomia/história , História do Século XX , Espanha
5.
Dynamis (Granada) ; 35(1): 153-175, 2015.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-144242

RESUMO

En el presente trabajo se hace un análisis de la aportación de la escuela anatómica de José Escolar (1913-1998) a la embriología durante las dos primeras décadas de la dictadura franquista. Se hace un especial énfasis en el proceso por el que, gracias al apoyo del naciente CSIC, el grupo español contactó con la morfología alemana que estaba desarrollando Hugo Spatz (1888-1979) en el Max Planck-Institut für Hirnforschung. A través de nuestro estudio se constatan las diversas influencias que terminaron por dibujar la anatomía y embriología de Escolar. En España, detectamos una influencia directa de la morfología gegenbauriana de Gumersindo Sánchez-Guisande (1894-1976) así como de la neuroanatomía de Juan José Barcia Goyanes (1901-2003), llena de referencias a la obra de Braus. Los contactos internacionales de los «escolarianos» —con la ciencia estadounidense primero y posteriormente con la alemana— constituyeron un grupo de trabajo homogéneo con una anatomía única (funcional y ontofilogénetica) pero con unos intereses investigadores tan amplios que obligaron a subespecializarse al equipo. Fruto de una intensa relación con la comunidad anatómica alemana, durante los años 50 fueron apareciendo una serie de importantes trabajos embriológicos entre los que destacan los que realizó Escolar sobre el desarrollo de la amígdala y el allocórtex, los de Fernando Reinoso sobre la embriología del diencéfalo y los descubrimientos de Víctor Smith Agreda junto a Rudolf Diepen sobre el desarrollo del sistema hipotálamo-hipofisario (AU)


In this paper, we analyse the contribution of the anatomical school of José Escolar (1913-1998) to embryology during the first two decades of the Francoist dictatorship. Special attention is paid to the process by which the Spanish group, with the support of the new Superior National Research Council, made contact with the German morphology being developed by Hugo Spatz (1888-1979) at the Max Planck-Institut für Hirnforschung. Our study reveals the numerous influences that finally led to the anatomy and embryology of Escolar. In Spain, we found a direct influence of the Gegenbaurian morphology of Gumersindo Sánchez Guisande (1894-1976) and the neuroanatomy of Juan José Barcia Goyanes (1901-2003), full of references to studies by Braus. International contacts of the «Escolarian group», first with North America and then with Germany, created a homogeneous group with a single anatomy (functional and ontophylogenetic) but with so many research interests that subspecialisations had to be developed. An important embryological work resulted from an intense relationship with the German anatomical community during the 1950s. Escolar worked in this field on the development of the amygdala and allocortex, Fernando Reinoso studied the embryology of the diencephalon and Smith Victor Agreda, along with the German scientist Rudolf Diepen, made some important discoveries on the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary system (AU)


Assuntos
História do Século XIX , Embriologia/história , Anatomia/história , Pesquisa/história , Morfogênese , Neuroanatomia/história , Espanha , Genética/história , Alemanha , Neuroendocrinologia/história
6.
Asclepio ; 66(2): 0-0, jul.-dic. 2014. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-130305

RESUMO

Durante el primer tercio del siglo XX, el jesuita Jaime Pujiula Dilmé (1869-1958) dominó con una autoridad casi clásica el cultivo de la embriología en nuestro país. El gran éxito de su proyecto personal, el Institut Biològic de Sarrià, sufrió un primer revés durante la II República con la llegada del gobierno de Azaña al poder. La Compañía de Jesús fue disuelta y sus bienes confiscados. El religioso, no obstante, fue capaz de solventar esta crisis mediante un acuerdo con la Societat Medicofarmacèutica dels Sants Cosme i Damiá, en cuyas dependencias volvió a montar su instituto. Más difícil resultó sobrevivir a la crisis vivida durante la Dictadura Franquista. La edad del Padre y su fuerte personalidad, autoritaria y personalista, dificultó la creación de una escuela a su alrededor. El medro de uno de sus colaboradores, el Padre Joan Puiggrós Sala (1899-¿?), significó la desaparición progresiva de la embriología en el centro y la ocupación del nicho que ésta iba dejando por la bacteriología aplicada, mucho más rentable económicamente en aquellos tiempos de penurias (AU)


During the first third of the twentieth century, the catalan jesuit Jaime Pujiula Dilmé (1869-1958) dominated with an almost classical authority the cultivation of embryology in Spain. The great success of his personal project, the "Institut Biològic de Sarrià", suffered a first setback in the II Republic with the arrival of Azaña's government to power. The Society of Jesus was dissolved, and their property confiscated. Pujiula, however, was able to overcome this crisis with an agreement with the Societat Medicofarmacèutica dels Sants Cosme i Damiá, in whose offices he remounted his institute. More difficult was to survive the crisis experienced during the Francoist dictatorship. The age of the director and his tough personality, authoritarian and personalistic, hindered the creation of a school around him. The thrive of one of his aides, Father Joan Puiggrós Sala (1899-¿?), meant the phasing of embryology in the center and the occupation of it niche by his specialty, applied bacteriology, more economically profitable in those troubled times (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , História do Século XX , Embriologia/educação , Embriologia/história , Sobrevivência , Academias e Institutos/história , Bacteriologia/história , Microbiologia/história , Disciplinas das Ciências Biológicas/educação , Disciplinas das Ciências Biológicas/história , Técnicas Bacteriológicas/história , Guerra
9.
Asclepio ; 64(1): 189-212, ene.-jun. 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-101238

RESUMO

En el presente trabajo damos a conocer nuevos hallazgos documentales sobre Crisóstomo Martínez, figura clave para entender la anatomía española del Barroco y el movimiento novator. Se aportan algunos nuevos datos biográficos sobre su probable fecha y lugar de nacimiento y su desconocida familia; igualmente se dan noticias relativas a unas primeras gestiones directas del autor con la Corona en 1683 para la solicitud de la pensión que le permitiría su viaje a París. Además, se analizan los diferentes informes elaborados para la deliberación última de la Corte en esta materia y se da cuenta de los problemas que sufrió el anatomista para el cobro de las cantidades acordadas una vez desplazado a Flandes(AU)


In this paper we present new documentary findings about Crisóstomo Martínez, a key figure in understanding the Spanish Baroque Anatomy and the movement called «novator». The documents presented show some new biographical data as well as some early news regarding the author’s direct negotiations with the Crown in 1683 in order to apply for the grant that would allow him to take his famous trip to Paris. We also analyze the reports prepared for the final deliberation of the Court on this matter and the problems the artist encountered in collecting the sum that had been agreed upon once he moved to Flanders(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Anatomia/história , Ilustração Médica/história , História da Medicina , Gravuras e Gravação/história
10.
Dynamis ; 30: 261-80, 11, 2010.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20695170

RESUMO

Beside the creation of national research institutions, the patronage work of the JAE (through scholarships and recognition given to Spanish scientists in the first third of the 20th century) was important in opening the door to the silver age of Spanish science. In the morphologic sciences, macroscopic anatomy was an almost closed science and in crisis with regard to the microscopic sciences and embryology. Despite this setting, the JAE chose to promote this science, importing European anatomical pedagogy and including the technologies and philosophy of the new dynamic anatomy under way on the continent. In this paper, we analyze the grantholders listed in the JAE archives and the studies that they published by them. We conclude that the utilization of these grants played an important role in promoting the international exchange necessary for the reform of a science in crisis, with anatomical pedagogy and technology being the major protagonists of this renewal.


Assuntos
Anatomia/história , Bolsas de Estudo/história , História do Século XX , Espanha
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